全球十大雲服務提供商

Top 10 Cloud Service Providers Globally

譯 者 說

資料中心是承載雲端運算的基礎設施，隨著AI的發展，資料中心逐步進入公眾視野，並為大家所關注。本文主要剖析了全球十大雲服務提供商的全球市場分佈情況，以及其全球IT基礎設施的格局。作為資料中心從業者，關注全球資料中心行業頭部使用者及使用者的基本格局，有助於瞭解行業動態。

雲端運算，以及提供這些服務的十大雲服務提供商，已經極大地改變了全球IT基礎設施的格局。這些公共雲服務提供商利用了分佈式雲端運算的固有優勢。這不僅為建立創新的軟體應用程式和平台鋪平了道路，而且還增強了資訊安全和隱私控制。因此，瞭解每個領先的雲服務提供商及其不同的策略是至關重要的。

Cloud computing, along with the top 10 cloud service providers offering these services, has significantly transformed the global IT infrastructure landscape. These public cloud service providers harness the inherent advantages of distributed cloud computing. This not only paves the way for the creation of innovative software applications and platforms but also enhances information security and privacy controls. Therefore, understanding each leading cloud service provider and their distinct strategies is crucial.

總體而言，全球十大雲服務提供商是亞馬遜網路服務（AWS）、微軟Azure、Google雲平台（GCP）、阿里巴巴雲、甲骨文雲、IBM雲、騰訊雲、數字雲、數字海洋和Linode（由Akamai所有）。

As a whole, the top 10 cloud service providers globally are Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Alibaba Cloud, Oracle Cloud, IBM Cloud, Tencent Cloud, OVHcloud, DigitalOcean, and Linode (owned by Akamai).

本文分析主要集中在公共雲服務提供商上，而不是VMware。除了評估全球前10名的雲服務提供商之外，我們還評估了他們的市場份額，確定了像Vultr這樣的較小的提供商，定義了雲服務提供商的術語，確定了雲端運算的5個主要好處，以及識別那些雲服務提供商是最便宜的。

The analysis focuses largely on the public cloud service providers, as opposed to private cloud technology, such as VMware. In addition to reviewing the top 10 cloud service providers globally, we evaluate their market share, identify smaller providers like Vultr, define the term cloud service providers, determine the 5 main benefits of cloud computing, as well as recognize which cloud service provider is the cheapest.

十大雲服務提供商

Top 10 Cloud Service Providers

全球排名前10名的雲服務提供商排名在下表中，其中包括每個供應商已經開放的區域和可用性區域的數量：

The top 10 cloud service providers globally are ranked in the following table, which includes the number of regions and availability zones that each vendor has opened:

下面更詳細概述了前10家雲服務提供商：

Each of these top 10 cloud service providers is outlined in greater detail below:

1.亞馬遜網路服務（AWS）

1. Amazon Web Services (AWS)

亞馬遜網路服務公司（AWS）是Amazon.com的雲端運算服務公司，是全球最大的雲服務提供商。從其資料中心，該業務提供了200多個功能齊全的服務，包括計算、儲存和資料庫。

Amazon Web Services (AWS), the cloud computing service of Amazon.com, is the largest cloud service provider globally. From its data centers, the business provides over 200 fully featured services including compute, storage, and database.

AWS目前有33個區域和105個可用性區域正在運行中。這些區域和可用性區位於美國各地、AWSGovCloud（美國）、美洲、歐洲、亞太地區以及中東和非洲。

AWS currently has 33 regions and 105 availability zones in operation. These regions and availability zones are located throughout the United States, AWS GovCloud (US), Americas, Europe, Asia Pacific, as well as in the Middle East and Africa.

亞馬遜網路服務（AWS）的淨銷售額從2015年的約80億美元增長到2017年的170億美元，到2019年達到350億美元，目前每年收入為968億美元。這一驚人的增長是由AWS從2015年的32個可用區域擴展到2017年的52個可用區域，目前已達到105個可用區域。與此同時，該公司已經推出了數千項新的AWS服務，這也推動了其擴張。

Amazon Web Services (AWS) has grown net sales from approximately $8 billion in 2015, to more than $17 billion for 2017, reaching $35 billion by 2019, and now generating $96.8 billion on an annual basis. This staggering growth has been driven by the expansion of AWS from 32 availability zones in 2015, to 52 availability zones in 2017, and now reaching 105 availability zones at present. In parallel, the company has launched thousands of new AWS services which has also fueled its expansion.

2.微軟Azure

2. Microsoft Azure

微軟公司的智能雲業務包括全球第二大雲服務提供商Azure。通過微軟Azure，該公司提供了一致的混合雲體驗、開發者生產力、人工智慧（AI）能力以及安全和遵從性。

Microsoft Corporation’s Intelligent Cloud segment contains Azure, the second largest cloud service provider globally. Through Microsoft Azure, the company delivers a consistent hybrid cloud experience, developer productivity, artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities, and security & compliance.

微軟Azure目前有64個區域和126個可用性區域在運行中。這些區域和可用區分佈在美國、Azure政府、美洲、歐洲、亞太地區以及中東和非洲。

Microsoft Azure presently has 64 regions and 126 availability zones in operation. These regions and availability zones are distributed throughout the United States, Azure Government, Americas, Europe, Asia Pacific, as well as in the Middle East and Africa.

超過300個物理的微軟Azure資料中心位於全球，其中提供了電腦伺服器，每個伺服器都配備了獨立的電源、冷卻和網路。該公司將這個資料中心基礎設施與橫跨140個國家的超過17.5萬英里的光纖線路連接起來。

Over 300 physical Microsoft Azure data centers are located worldwide, which house computer servers, each fitted-out with independent power, cooling, and networking. The company connects this data center infrastructure with more than 175,000 miles of fiber lines across 140 countries.

微軟的智能雲業務收入，包括來自Azure、其他雲服務和伺服器產品的收入，在最近一個季度達到了259億美元，同比增長了19%。因此，按年計算，微軟的智能雲收入目前為1035億美元。然而，微軟並沒有明確披露Azure的收入，這意味著Azure只是智能雲總收入的一部分。

Microsoft’s Intelligent Cloud revenue, which includes revenue from Azure, other cloud services, and server products, reached $25.9 billion for the latest quarter, an increase of 19% year-over-year. Therefore, on an annualized basis, Microsoft’s Intelligent Cloud revenue currently stands at $103.5 billion. However, Microsoft does not explicitly disclose Azure revenues, meaning that Azure is only a subset of total Intelligent Cloud revenue.

3.Google雲平台（GCP）

3.Google Cloud Platform (GCP)

Google雲平台（GCP）是字母控股子公司，是全球第三大雲服務提供商，提供為企業準備的雲服務。GCP使開發人員能夠在其分佈式和可擴展的基礎設施上建構、測試和部署應用程式，同時利用該服務在安全、資料管理、分析和人工智慧（AI）方面的能力。

Google Cloud Platform (GCP), part of Alphabet Inc, is the third largest cloud service provider globally, providing enterprise-ready cloud services. GCP enables developers to build, test, and deploy applications on its distributed and scalable infrastructure, while utilizing the service’s capabilities in security, data management, analytics, and artificial intelligence (AI).

Google雲目前有40個區域和121個可用性區域在運行中。這些區域和可用區遍佈美國、美洲、歐洲、亞太地區以及中東和非洲。

Google Cloud today has 40 regions and 121 availability zones in operation. These regions and availability zones are situated throughout the United States, Americas, Europe, Asia Pacific, as well as in the Middle East and Africa.

Alphabet公司的Google雲部門的收入來自於它對其基礎設施、平台和其他服務收取的費用。最近一個季度，Google雲端運算的營收為92億美元，同比增長26%。因此，按年率計算，Google雲端運算的年收入為370億美元。

Alphabet Inc’s Google Cloud unit earns revenue from the fees it charges for its infrastructure, platform, and other services. For the latest quarter, Google Cloud generated $9.2 billion in revenue, an increase of 26% year-over-year. Therefore, on an annualized basis, Google Cloud produces $37 billion of revenue.

4.阿里雲

4. Alibaba Cloud

阿里巴巴集團的雲端運算部門，即阿里巴巴雲，是全球第四大雲服務提供商，亞太地區的主要雲供應商，以及中國最大的雲服務提供商。通過阿里巴巴雲，該業務提供雲服務，包括彈性計算、資料庫、儲存、網路虛擬化、大規模計算、安全、管理和應用服務、巨量資料分析和機器學習。

Alibaba Group’s cloud computing unit, known as Alibaba Cloud, is the fourth largest cloud service provider globally, the primary cloud vendor in Asia Pacific, and the largest cloud service provider in China. Through Alibaba Cloud, the business offers cloud services, including elastic computing, database, storage, network virtualization, large-scale computing, security, management & application services, big data analytics, and machine learning.

阿里雲目前有30個區域和89個可用區。在中國大陸，阿里巴巴是主要的雲服務提供商，在全國擁有15個地區。在中國大陸以外，阿里巴巴雲還在美國、歐洲、亞太地區和中東地區開展業務。

Alibaba Cloud currently has 30 regions and 89 availability zones in operation. Mainland of China, Alibaba is the dominant cloud service provider, with 15 regions across the country. Outside Mainland of China, Alibaba Cloud operates in the United States, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Middle East.

阿里巴巴集團主要根據企業客戶的服務持續時間和使用情況獲得雲端運算收入。包括阿里巴巴雲在內的雲智能集團最近一個季度的營收為39.5億美元（合人民幣280.66億元），同比增長3%。因此，按年率計算，阿里巴巴雲端運算的收入目前為158億美元。

Alibaba Group primarily generates cloud computing revenue from enterprise customers based on the duration and usage of their services. The company’s Cloud Intelligence Group, which includes Alibaba Cloud, yielded $3.95 billion (RMB28,066 million) of revenue for the latest quarter, an increase of 3% year-over-year. Thus, on an annualized basis, Alibaba Cloud revenue currently stands at $15.8 billion.

5.甲骨文雲

5. Oracle Cloud

甲骨文公司提供的雲服務包括雲軟體即服務（SaaS）和雲基礎設施（OCI）。通過OCI，該公司是一家雲服務提供商，提供基礎設施技術即服務（TaaS）、儲存和網路服務。

Oracle Corporation’s Cloud Services offerings include Oracle Cloud Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) and Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI). Through OCI, the company is a cloud service provider, delivering infrastructure technologies as-a-service including compute, storage, and networking services.

Oracle雲目前有48個區域和58個可用性區域。這些區域和可用性區分別位於整個美國、加拿大、歐洲、中東和非洲（EMEA）、拉丁美洲和亞太地區。此外，甲骨文雲還為美國政府、美國國防部（DoD）和英國政府提供政府雲區域，並為整個歐盟（EU）的客戶提供兩個主權區域。

Oracle Cloud presently has 48 regions and 58 availability zones in operation. These regions and availability zones are located throughout the United States, Canada, Europe, the Middle East, & Africa (EMEA), Latin America, and Asia Pacific. In addition, Oracle Cloud offers government cloud regions for the U.S. government, U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), and UK government, as well as two Sovereign regions for customers across the European Union (EU).

Oracle雲基礎設施（OCI）通常收取預付費用，隨著OCI服務在規定的時間內使用，預付費用逐漸降低。最近一個季度，甲骨文的雲IaaS收入達到了18億美元，同比增長了49%。因此，按年率計算，甲骨文雲端運算的年收入為72億美元。

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) typically charges a prepaid fee that gradually decreases as its OCI services are consumed by the customer over a defined time period. For the latest quarter, Oracle’s Cloud IaaS revenue reached $1.8 billion, an increase of 49% year-over-year. Therefore, on an annualized basis, Oracle Cloud produces $7.2 billion of revenue.

6.IBM雲

6.IBM Cloud

IBM將其管理式基礎設施服務業務剝離給Kyndryl，後者現在為其客戶設計、建構和管理私有、公共和多雲環境。

IBM spun off its managed infrastructure services business to Kyndryl, which now designs, builds, and manages private, public, and multi-cloud environments for its customers.

今天，IBM Cloud有10個區域和30個可用性區域。這些區域和可用性區分佈在整個美國、美洲、歐洲和亞太地區。

Today, IBM Cloud has 10 regions and 30 availability zones in operation. These regions and availability zones are distributed throughout the United States, Americas, Europe, and Asia Pacific.

Kyndryl的雲服務部門通過整合來自獨立軟體供應商、公共雲服務提供商、內部平台和物聯網（IoT）等技術提供的服務，幫助企業最佳化其對雲服務提供商的使用。為此，Kyndryl最近與微軟Azure和Google雲建立了新的戰略關係。

Kyndryl’s Cloud Services segment helps enterprises optimize their use of cloud service providers by integrating services delivered from independent software vendors, public cloud service providers, internal platforms, and technologies such as the internet of things (IoT). To this end, Kyndryl has recently established new strategic relationships with both Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud.

7.騰訊雲

7. Tencent Cloud

騰訊控股的雲端運算部門騰訊雲是中國第二大雲服務提供商，僅次於阿里巴巴雲。

Tencent Holdings’ cloud computing unit, known as Tencent Cloud, is the second largest cloud service provider in China, behind Alibaba Cloud.

目前，騰訊雲有21個區域，有65個可用性區域正在運行。包括其5個合作夥伴區域，該公司共提供26個區域和70個可用性區域。不包括合作夥伴地區，騰訊雲在中國大陸、美國、加拿大、巴西、德國、印度、印度尼西亞、日本、新加坡、韓國和泰國都有業務。

Currently, Tencent Cloud has 21 regions with 65 availability zones in operation. Including its 5 partner regions, the company offers a total of 26 regions and 70 availability zones. When excluding its partner regions, Tencent Cloud has operations in Mainland of China, the United States, Canada, Brazil, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand.

8.OVH雲

8.OVH Cloud

OVH雲是一家專注於歐洲的雲服務提供商，提供的解決方案，包括裸金屬和託管私有雲、公共雲和網路雲服務。

OVH cloud is a Europe-focused cloud service provider offering solutions including bare metal & hosted private cloud, public cloud, and web cloud services.

目前，OVH雲端運算可在17個地點運行，其中包括37個資料中心和45萬台物理伺服器。這些資料中心位於9個國家，即法國、加拿大、美國、德國、波蘭、英國、澳大利亞、印度和新加坡。

Presently, OVH cloud operates in 17 locations, comprising 37 data centers with 450,000 physical servers. These data centers are situated across 9 countries, namely France, Canada, United States, Germany, Poland, United Kingdom, Australia, India, and Singapore.

OVH雲服務為超過140多個國家的160多萬客戶提供域名、網路託管計畫和雲解決方案。其中，該公司約有800家客戶是企業。在價值主張方面，OVH雲採用低成本模式，通常在價格上展開競爭。

OVH cloud offers domain names, web hosting plans, and cloud solutions to more than 1.6 million customers in over 140 countries. Of this total, approximately 800 of the company’s customers are enterprises. In terms of value proposition, OVH cloud operates a low-cost model and generally competes on price.

9.數字海洋

9. Digital Ocean

數字海洋是一家雲服務提供商，為小型客戶提供按需應變的基礎設施和平台工具。

Digital Ocean is a cloud service provider offering on-demand infrastructure and platform tools to smaller customers including developers, start-ups, and small- and medium-sized businesses (SMBs).

如今，數字海洋在其15個資料中心中營運著9個區域。具體來說，該公司在紐約和舊金山地鐵市場以及加拿大多倫多都有資料中心；英國倫敦；荷蘭阿姆斯特丹；德國法蘭克福；印度班加羅爾；新加坡；和澳大利亞的雪梨。

Today, Digital Ocean operates 9 regions across its 15 data centers. Specifically, the company has data centers in the New York City and San Francisco metro markets, as well as in Toronto, Canada; London, United Kingdom; Amsterdam, Netherlands; Frankfurt, Germany; Bangalore, India; Singapore; and Sydney, Australia.

數字海洋為超過185個國家的60萬名客戶提供其基礎設施和軟體解決方案。獨特的是，數字海洋公司大約70%的收入來自美國以外的地區。與OVH雲類似，數字海洋在價格上競爭，通常比最大的雲服務提供商更划算50%的以上。

Digital Ocean delivers its infrastructure and software solutions to over 600,000 customers in more than 185 countries. Uniquely, approximately 70% of Digital Ocean’s revenue derives from outside of the United States. Similar to OVH cloud, Digital Ocean competes on price, often being 50%+ more cost-effective than the largest cloud service providers.

10.Linode (Akamai)

10. Linode (Akamai)

Linode由Akamai技術公司擁有，是一家雲端運算平台和基礎設施即服務（IaaS）提供商，為全球超過100多萬客戶提供服務。儘管Linode傳統上是針對個人開發人員的，但Akamai的目標是為企業客戶調整其服務。為此，Akamai計畫開發新的企業級核心站點和分佈式站點，並將它們與邊緣平台和私有骨幹網進行整合。

Linode, owned by Akamai Technologies, is a cloud computing platform and an Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) provider serving over 1 million customers worldwide. Although Linode has traditionally catered to individual developers, Akamai aims to adapt its services for enterprise customers. To do this, Akamai plans to develop new enterprise-grade core and distributed sites and integrate them with its edge platform and private backbone.

Linode目前有20個資料中心區域，通過它提供容器和虛擬機器形式的計算，以及儲存服務。該公司現有的資料中心位於以下市場：

Linode currently has 20 data center regions in operation, through which it provides compute in the form of containers and virtual machines, as well as its storage services. The company’s existing data centers are located in the following markets:

• 美國：亞特蘭大，喬治亞州；芝加哥，伊利諾斯州；達拉斯，德克薩斯州；加利福尼亞州，加利福尼亞州；紐瓦克，紐澤西；西雅圖，華盛頓；和華盛頓特區。
• United States: Atlanta, Georgia; Chicago, Illinois; Dallas, Texas; Fremont, California; Newark, New Jersey; Seattle, Washington; and Washington, D.C.
• 美洲：巴西聖保羅和加拿大多倫多
• Americas: São Paulo, Brazil and Toronto, Canada
• 歐洲：法國巴黎、德國法蘭克福、義大利米蘭、瑞典斯德哥爾摩、和英國倫敦
• Europe: Paris, France; Frankfurt, Germany; Milan, Italy; Stockholm, Sweden; and London, United Kingdom
• 歐洲：法國巴黎、德國法蘭克福、義大利米蘭、瑞典斯德哥爾摩、和英國倫敦
• Asia Pacific: Sydney, Australia; Mumbai, India; Chennai, India; Tokyo, Japan; Osaka, Japan; and Singapore

此外，Linode計畫在以下市場開設7個新的雲區域：加州洛杉磯；佛羅里達州邁阿密；荷蘭阿姆斯特丹；西班牙馬德里；印度尼西亞雅加達；紐西蘭奧克蘭；和韓國首爾。

Additionally, Linode plans to open 7 new cloud regions in the following markets: Los Angeles, California; Miami, Florida; Amsterdam, Netherlands; Madrid, Spain; Jakarta, Indonesia; Auckland, New Zealand; and Seoul, South Korea.

那個雲服務提供商的市場份額最大？

Which Cloud Service Provider Has the Largest Market Share?

亞馬遜網路服務（AWS）、微軟Azure和Google雲平台（GCP）是市場份額最大的雲服務提供商，總共佔據了雲基礎設施服務支出的65%以上的份額。以下是按市場份額排名前十的10家雲服務提供商的彙總表，突出顯示了AWS31%的市場份額，微軟Azure24%的市場份額，以及Google雲11.5%的市場份額。

Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP) are the cloud service providers with the largest market share, collectively capturing over 65% of spending on cloud infrastructure services. Below is a summary table of the top 10 cloud service providers by market share, highlighting AWS’ 31% market share, Microsoft Azure’s 24% market share, and Google Cloud’s 11.5% market share.

在過去的5年裡，AWS的市場份額保持在30%的低位，微軟Azure的市場份額一直增長，從歷史上的約10%增長，而GoogleCloud的市場份額一直從之前的5%的基礎穩步增長。隨著市場份額的增加，在這段時間內也有相應的市場份額下降，其中包括IBM Cloud和一些小型雲服務提供商。

Over the past 5 years, AWS has maintained its market share in the low-30% range, Microsoft Azure has been an aggressive market share gainer, rising from approximately 10% historically, while Google Cloud has been steadily increasing its market share from its prior base of 5%. With market share gainers, there are also corresponding market share losers over this time period, which include IBM Cloud and a number of small cloud service providers.

誰是小型雲服務提供商？

Who are the Small Cloud Service Providers?

雖然排名前10名的雲服務提供商佔據了雲基礎設施服務支出的約78%，但在全球市場上仍有相當數量的小供應商。例如，這些雲服務提供商包括那些針對特定利基市場的企業，如中小型企業（smb）或那些在區域內營運的企業，如在歐洲或亞太地區。以下是這些小型雲服務提供商的例子：

While the top 10 cloud service providers capture approximately 78% of spending on cloud infrastructure services, there is still a significant number of small vendors present in global markets. For example, these cloud service providers include those targeting a certain niche, such as small- and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) or ones that operate regionally, such as in Europe or Asia Pacific. Below are examples of these small cloud service providers:

• 中國：百度AI雲、華為雲、金山雲、京東雲、青雲、優刻得雲
• China: Baidu AI Cloud, Huawei Cloud, Kingsoft Cloud, JD Cloud, QingCloud, UCloud
• 歐洲：Bleu (Orange and Capgemini), Hetzner, Leaseweb
• Europe: Bleu (Orange and Capgemini), Hetzner, Leaseweb
• 日本和韓國：富士通、NTT、軟銀、NAVER雲、KT雲
• Japan and Korea: Fujitsu, NTT, SoftBank, NAVER Cloud, KT Cloud
• 私有雲/託管服務：惠普企業（HPE）、Rackspace、VMware
• Private Cloud / Managed Services: Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE), Rackspace, VMware
• SaaS合作夥伴：Salesforce，SAP
• SaaS Partners: Salesforce, SAP
• 中小型企業：Heroku、UpCloud、Vultr
• SMBs: Heroku, UpCloud, Vultr

在雲服務提供商市場中，對於像Rackspace這樣的託管服務提供商來說，有一個重要的區別。託管服務提供商幫助企業遷移、架構和將工作負載部署到公共雲。隨後，這些託管服務提供商跨多個環境為其客戶“管理”IT基礎設施，包括公共雲、私有雲和本地雲。通過這種商業模式，雲服務提供商仍然是IT基礎設施的最終所有者和提供商。

Within the cloud service provider market, there is an important distinction to make for managed services providers like Rackspace. Managed services providers help enterprises migrate, architect, and deploy workloads to the public cloud. Subsequently, these managed services providers ‘manage’ the IT infrastructure for their customers across multiple environments, including public cloud, private cloud, and on-premises. Through this business model, the cloud service providers still remain as the ultimate owners and providers of IT infrastructure.

什麼是雲服務提供商？

What are Cloud Service Providers?

雲服務提供商為開發人員、初創企業、中小型企業和大型企業提供按需應變的基礎設施和工具，以建構、部署和擴展他們的軟體應用程式和資料庫。雲服務提供商營運的兩種主要服務模式被稱為基礎設施即服務（IaaS）和平台即服務（PaaS），它們由以下內容組成：

Cloud service providers offer on-demand infrastructure and tools for developers, start-ups, small- and medium-sized businesses, and large enterprises to build, deploy, and scale their software applications and databases. The two main service models which cloud service providers operate in are known as Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) and Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), which are comprised of the following:

• 基礎設施即服務（IaaS）：計算、儲存和網路
• Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS): compute, storage, and networking
• 平台即服務（PaaS）：資料庫管理系統和應用程式平台
• Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS): database management systems and application platforms

有了IaaS和PaaS基礎設施，雲服務提供商提供了廣泛的用例，包括web和移動應用程式、網站託管、電子商務、媒體和遊戲、管理服務等等。這些計算和儲存服務依賴於共享伺服器，後者可提供高度的可伸縮性和連續性。通常，客戶以按使用付費的方式使用雲端運算服務。

With this combined IaaS and PaaS infrastructure, cloud service providers enable a wide range of use cases, including web & mobile applications, website hosting, e-commerce, media & gaming, managed services, among many more. These computing and storage services rely on shared servers which offer a high degree of scalability and continuity. Typically, customers consume cloud computing services on a pay-per-use basis.

此外，某些公共雲服務提供商提供軟體即服務（SaaS），這指的是終端使用者應用程式。

Additionally, certain public cloud service providers offer Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), which refers to end user applications.

區域和可用性區域的解釋

Regions and Availability Zones Explained

雲服務提供商圍繞所謂的區域和可用性區域建立他們的數字基礎設施。區域是世界上雲服務提供商有多個可用性區域的物理位置。這些可用性區域由一個或多個孤立的資料中心組成，它們坐落在單獨的建築中，每個建築中都有冗餘的電源、冷卻、網路和光纖連接。

Cloud service providers build their digital infrastructure around what are known as regions and availability zones. A region is a physical location in the world where a cloud service provider has multiple availability zones. These availability zones consist of one or more isolated data centers, that are housed in separate buildings, each with redundant power, cooling, networking, and fiber-optic connectivity.

區域和可用性區域-例

Regions and Availability Zones – Example

可用性區域使終端使用者能夠操作比從單個資料中心獲得的更高的可用性、容錯性和可擴展性的生產應用程式和資料庫。

Availability zones enable end users to operate production applications and databases that are more highly available, fault tolerant, and scalable than is possible from an individual data center.

虛擬化——雲端運算的一個關鍵優勢

Virtualization – A Key Advantage of the Cloud

雲服務提供商通過虛擬化將自己與各個伺服器和資料中心的功能區分開來，這意味著在硬體和應用程式之間加入一個抽象層。進而，虛擬化還允許多個工作負載和作業系統在同一台物理伺服器上運行。因此，虛擬化促進了雲的關鍵競爭優勢，包括可伸縮性、最大化資源利用率，以及以更低的操作費用提供更多的工作負載。

Cloud service providers differentiate themselves from the capabilities of individual servers and data centers through virtualization, which means adding an abstraction layer between hardware and applications. In turn, virtualization enables multiple workloads and operating systems to run on the same physical server. As such, virtualization facilitates the critical competitive advantages of the cloud, including scalability, maximizing resource utilization, and provisioning more workloads with lower operating expenses.

雲端運算的5個好處是什麼？

What are the 5 Benefits of Cloud Computing?

雲端運算的5個好處是可伸縮性、按次使用付費、速度和敏捷性、外包和全球覆蓋範圍：

The 5 benefits of cloud computing are scalability, pay-per-use, speed & agility, outsourcing, and global reach:

1.可伸縮性：企業的內部IT系統可能無法可擴展，以滿足工作負載的峰值需求，除非它們保持過剩的容量——這是昂貴的。通過使用雲端運算，客戶可以立即增加或減少他們的硬體和軟體容量需求，以滿足業務需求

1.Scalability: an enterprise’s internal IT systems may not be scalable to meet peak demand for workloads, unless they maintain excess capacity – which is costly. By using cloud computing, customers can instantly increase or decrease their hardware and software capacity needs to meet business requirements

2.按使用付費：在知道資料中心和伺服器之前，客戶不能將資本支出（資本支出）投入使用，客戶只能在消耗計算資源時付費，只為他們消耗的錢付費

2.Pay-Per-Use: instead of investing capital expenditures (CapEx) in data centers and servers prior to knowing how they are going to be used, customers can pay only when they consume computing resources, and pay only for how much they consume

3.速度和敏捷性：在雲端運算環境中，只需點選幾次滑鼠，就可以提供新的IT資源。因此，客戶可以將讓開發人員使用這些資源的時間從幾周縮短到僅僅幾分鐘

3.Speed and Agility: new IT resources can be provisioned in a cloud computing environment with only a few clicks. Therefore, customers can reduce the time to make those resources available to developers from weeks to just minutes

4.外包：雲端運算使客戶能夠避免佔用、堆疊和驅動伺服器，同時也避免了對其資料中心的持續維護

4.Outsourcing: cloud computing enables customers to avoid racking, stacking, and powering servers, in addition to eschewing the ongoing maintenance of their data centers

5.全球範圍：應用程式可以部署在世界各地的多個地區，只需點選幾下滑鼠。反過來，這將使應用程式具有更低的延遲，並為終端使用者提供更好的體驗

5.Global Reach: applications can be deployed in multiple regions around the world with just a few clicks. In turn, this enables applications to have lower latency and provides a better experience for end users

與此同時，大量企業正在轉向混合和多雲環境，以避免供應商鎖定，並保持在更安全的環境中託管敏感工作負載的靈活性。以下是混合雲和多雲的定義：

At the same time, a significant number of enterprises are shifting to hybrid and multi-cloud environments to avoid vendor lock-in and to preserve the flexibility to host sensitive workloads in a more secure environment. Below are definitions of hybrid cloud and multi-cloud:

• 混合云：在不同環境組合中的應用程式部署，包括本地雲、私有雲和公共雲
• Hybrid Cloud: application deployments in a combination of different environments including on-premises, private cloud, and public cloud
• 多云：使用多個公共雲服務提供商的應用程式部署，而不是只使用單個公共雲服務提供商
• Multi-Cloud: application deployments with several public cloud service providers, instead of only using a single public cloud service provider

那些雲服務提供商最便宜？

Which Cloud Service Provider is Cheapest?

來回答以下問題：那個是最便宜的雲服務提供商？雲端運算服務的成本是多少？，Dgtl Infra回顧了Linode最近的一個比較，它研究了一個CPU專用/最佳化的2vCPU，4GB RAM，80GB SSD部署的每月成本。以下是四大公共雲服務提供商（即亞馬遜網路服務（AWS）、微軟Azure、Google雲平台（GCP）和阿里巴巴雲）的每月部署成本的總結：

To answer the questions: Which is cheapest cloud provider? and How much do cloud computing services cost?, Dgtl Infra reviewed a recent comparison by Linode, which studied the cost per month of a CPU Dedicated/Optimized 2vCPU, 4GB RAM, 80GB SSD deployment. Below is a summary of the monthly costs for this deployment from the four largest public cloud service providers, namely Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform (GCP), and Alibaba Cloud:

如上例所示，對於CPU專用/最佳化的2vCPU，4GB RAM，80GB SSD部署，阿里巴巴雲是最便宜的公共雲服務提供商，每月48.42美元。相比之下，亞馬遜網路服務（AWS）是最昂貴的公共雲服務提供商，每月的成本為71.47美元，比阿里巴巴雲高出48%。

As shown in the example above, for the CPU Dedicated/Optimized 2vCPU, 4GB RAM, 80GB SSD deployment, Alibaba Cloud was the cheapest public cloud service provider at $48.42 per month. In contrast, Amazon Web Services (AWS) was the most expensive public cloud service provider, at a cost of $71.47 per month, 48% higher than Alibaba Cloud.

儘管上述分析強調了大型供應商中最便宜的公共雲服務提供商，但實際上，較小的雲服務提供商，如OVH雲、數字海洋和Linode，是最具成本效益的。與AWS、微軟Azure、Google雲和阿里巴巴雲相比，這些公司通常至少便宜20%到35%，通常便宜50%。

Although the above analysis highlights the cheapest public cloud service provider among the large vendors, in reality the smaller cloud service providers, such as OVHcloud, DigitalOcean, and Linode are the most cost-effective. These companies are generally at least 20% to 35% cheaper across the board – and often 50%+ cheaper – when compared to AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, and Alibaba Cloud. (DEEPKnowledge)