全球 AI 頂會,快成中國卷王的專場了。
每年 AI 頂會放榜,各大機構都會暗戳戳地發喜報,比拚誰家被收錄的論文多。但今年 ICLR(國際學習表徵會議)放榜後,一位名叫 Dmytro Lopushanskyy 的研究員,幹了一件極其硬核的事。
他沒有去引用官方那些現成的統計表格,而是寫了整整 250 條正規表示式,把 ICLR 2026 全部 5356 篇接收論文的 PDF 挨個下載下來。
接著,他硬是從每篇論文首頁的縫隙裡,把機構署名全給摳了出來,並利用這幾百條程式碼規則進行清洗與歸一化,自動給「麻省理工」和「MIT CSAIL」這種同一機構的不同寫法做了合併。
為什麼要用這種最原始的手工分類法?
因為這老哥發現,我們平時習慣引用的那些學術統計平台資料,都是按「人」來追蹤的。舉個例子,一個在清華苦熬四年讀博的學生,發了篇極具含金量的論文,畢業後去史丹佛當了教授。你猜怎麼著?系統一刷新,這篇在五道口誕生的論文,就自動變成了史丹佛的學術產出。
開發者把原始資料打包在 Github,🔗 https://github.com/DmytroLopushanskyy/iclr2026-affiliations
這種偏差,長期以來硬生生壓低了中國機構的實際貢獻,同時虛抬了美國的數字。而當 Dmytro 用 96% 的解析成功率,把去偽存真後的真實資料畫成一張熱力圖後,我們才得以一觀真實資料的全景圖。
一張學術熱力圖,看懂中美 AI 的真實格局
別的不說,這組資料確實很有衝擊力。
這張圖上中國機構面積之大,超出了很多人的預期。其中中國大陸機構,貢獻了 43.7% 的接收論文。美國呢?31.9%。
如果你把中國香港(7.7%)算進來,本屆 ICLR 超過一半的論文署名機構,全都來自中國。 至於老牌的歐洲列強?整個歐洲大陸加起來才 5.3%,甚至比不過新加坡(5.5%)這一個國家的產出。
更有意思的是具體機構的排名。
今年,清華大學以 332 篇的產量登頂全球單一機構第一。 這是什麼概念?史丹佛 177 篇,麻省理工 167 篇。清華一家的產出,幾乎是美國排名前二的兩大超級名校的總和。緊隨其後的上交、北大、浙大,也全都穩坐全球第一梯隊。
不止高校陣營,中國產業界的科研表現同樣亮眼。
阿里、上海 AI 實驗室、華為、字節、騰訊,這五家中國科技公司/研究機構加起來發了 582 篇論文。有些媒體以前老愛吐槽中國網際網路公司只懂商業模式微創新,不懂底層研究。這次 ICLR 2026 的資料一出,算是打破了這個刻板印象。
說白了,中國 AI 早就不是靠一兩個天才的靈光一現,而是變成了一套精密、龐大、高度體系化的研發引擎。
不過,在這些令人振奮的資料背後,我們也不能忽視客觀存在的指標。
比如雖然我們在總數上超越,但在僅佔接收總量 4% 的 Oral(口頭報告,通常代表最具原創性和啟發性的方向)論文裡,美國機構依然佔了約 40%,而我們是 30%。
我們在工程化擴展上佔據了絕對的規模優勢,而美國在定義新方向上依然保有相對領先。這也是中美 AI 之間相對真實的現狀。
矽谷的科研 AGI,與中國實驗室的極致務實
如果說熱力圖是一份宏觀體檢報告,那艾倫人工智慧研究所(AI2)知名研究員 Nathan Lambert 今年 5 月來北京、杭州等地的 36 小時調研,就是一次深度的微觀觀察。
他在走訪了智譜 AI、月之暗面、千問、美團、小米、零一萬物等 AI 企業後,回國後寫了篇關於中國 AI 實驗室內部觀察,並在矽谷引發了大量討論。他看到了中國大模型能跟美國五五開的底層邏輯——極低的組織摩擦和極度務實的年輕人。
在 Lambert 看來,美國頂級實驗室往往存在一個致命的弱點:Ego(自我)太強了。
訓練大模型是一項極其複雜的系統工程,從資料清洗、分佈式通訊最佳化到強化學習對齊,每個環節都需要互相妥協。但在矽谷,那些明星研究員往往帶有強烈的個人偏好。
據傳 Meta 的 Llama 團隊就曾因為路線之爭經歷過動盪,大佬們各自為政,都想把模型往自己主導的方向推進。反觀中國實驗室,Lambert 發現這裡有一種異於尋常的務實。
研究員們不在乎誰的方法聽起來更高級,大家的目標高度一致:只要能把模型的某個指標提上去,枯燥的髒活累活誰都願意幹。 這種務實讓整個團隊的摩擦力降到了最低。
Lambert 還歸納了這種文化傾向具體帶來的優勢:更願意做不起眼的基礎工作來提升最終模型;剛入行的人沒有經歷過以前幾輪 AI 炒作周期,能更快適應最新技術路線;Ego 小,組織架構能相對平穩地擴大規模;以及大量善於在現有方案基礎上攻堅的人才儲備。
更讓 Lambert 驚訝的是,在美國,頂級實驗室的實習生往往只能接觸邊緣項目。但在中國,在讀的碩士和博士生深度參與核心大模型的研發。Lambert 敏銳地指出了這種做法的核心優勢:沒有歷史包袱。
大模型的技術路線迭代極快。資深科學家往往有「路徑依賴」,覺得自己研究了十年的老方法才是真理。但中國的年輕學生不同,只要有資料證明新路線有效,他們立刻就能拋棄舊方案,快速切換賽道。
值得一提的是,Lambert 發現,中國 AI 圈內部的氛圍遠比外界想像的和諧。各家實驗室之間,私下交流滿是相互尊重,所有中國實驗室都敬畏字節跳動和它廣受歡迎的豆包模型,因為字節是中國唯一一家真正處在前沿位置、同時又保持閉源路線的實驗室。與此同時,幾乎所有實驗室也都非常尊重 DeepSeek,認為它是在研究判斷和執行品味上最出色的團隊。
在這次調研中,還有一個細節特別值得關注。在矽谷,頂尖的 AI 研究員不僅是工程師,往往還扮演著半個「哲學家」的角色。他們喜歡在播客上高談闊論,探討「通用人工智慧(AGI)會不會在 2030 年毀滅人類」,頻繁討論 AI 安全與倫理邊界。
於是,Lambert 也試探性地問了中國同行對 AI 經濟影響和長遠社會風險的看法,但得到的反應不是長篇大論,而是普遍的困惑。關於毀滅人類這種宏大命題,暫且不在他們當下的工作邊界之內。
這種對宏大敘事的免疫,反而成了一種競爭優勢。它減少了團隊在哲學層面的內耗,讓所有的腦力都持續集中在工程落地和指標突破上。
在中國的實驗室裡,導師、博士生與企業工程師之間形成了一種極短的反饋回路。
這種模式消解了學術界與工業界之間的壁壘,正如 Nathan Lambert 所觀察到的,這種低摩擦的組織形式,讓中國 AI 展現出了類似基建狂魔般的推進速度——一旦方向明確,便能以排山倒海的智力密度迅速抹平技術差距。
當然,這套打法在特定窗口期內行之有效,但隨著規模效應的紅利逐步見頂,下一階段的核心壁壘終將回歸於「原始創新能力」的較量。
屆時,高密度的人才協同網路和某個敢於打破既有框架的個體,在 AI 的下半場互為成全,缺一不可。 (APPSO)
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