當地時間9月19日，白宮發佈了一則關於H-1B簽證的總統令，迅速在美國各大企業及國際留學生群體中引發強烈震動。公告核心規定，僱主在為境外外籍員工提交H-1B簽證申請前，必須獲取並保留已支付10萬美元的證明檔案，否則該僱員將無法入境美國。核心要點：1. 適用對象針對持 H-1B 簽證類別的“專門職業”（specialty occupation）非移民工作者，特別是那些目前在美國境外、並欲以 H-1B 身份入境的人。2. 新要求：US$100,000 補充費用從公告生效時起，僱主在其 H-1B 請願（petition）中，若代表在美國境外的非移民工作者申請入境，須隨附 100,000 美元 的支付，否則該請願可能被拒絕。3. 生效時間與期限生效時間為 2025 年 9 月 21 日凌晨 12:01 東部時間（EDT）。該限制有效期為 12 個月，即到約 2026 年 9 月 21 日，除非被延長或修改。4. 例外情況存在“國家利益”（national interest）豁免條款：若國土安全部長判斷某個個人、某公司所有外國僱員或者某個行業中的外國僱員其僱傭行為符合同美國的國家利益，並且不對美國工人的安全或福利構成威脅，則可免於這一費用或限制。5. 對已有簽證或已批准請願者的影響公告和隨後的聯邦機構澄清表明：若申請人在公告生效前已有 H-1B 請願已提交或已批准，或者已有有效的 H-1B 簽證，那麼該新費用與入境限制一般不適用於這些人。持有效簽證者通常可以繼續其旅行，不至因為該政策突然被拒入境。6. 合規與執行措施僱主必須準備並保存有關已經支付 100,000 美元費用的檔案證明。國土安全部、國務院等機構將檢驗這些支付證明，作為簽證批准或請願批准的條件之一。除了費用之外，還指示有關部門（如勞工部）修訂“普遍工資標準”（prevailing wage levels），以提升薪資水平，更優先考慮高技能、高薪的申請者。7. 對被影響者的建議與現實影響對那些目前在美國境外並有意在新政策生效後通過 H-1B 入境的人來說，若僱主未支付新費用，他們將可能在入境或簽證申請被拒。對於已經在美國境內、或已有有效簽證、或已有請願／批准的人，短期內影響較小，但未來旅行、續簽、變更身份等方面仍需關注政策細節。關於H-1B簽證：H-1B簽證是美國主要的非移民工作簽證類別，要求申請人至少擁有學士學位，並由僱主為其提交申請。首次獲批有效期為3年，可延期一次，總期限不超過6年，正在申請綠卡者還可進一步延長。受年度配額限制（約8.5萬），多數申請須經抽籤程序。印度和中國是H-1B簽證最主要的來源國，其中印度人佔70%至75%，主要從事資訊技術行業；中國人約佔10%至15%，多集中於科研、金融及高等教育領域。公告原文：以下為川普簽發的《關於 限制某些非移民工作者入境》總統令的全文英文雙語版：RESTRICTION ON ENTRY OF CERTAIN NONIMMIGRANT WORKERS關於 限制某些非移民工作者入境BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA由 美國總統A PROCLAMATION總統公告The H-1B nonimmigrant visa program was created to bring temporary workers into the United States to perform additive, high-skilled functions, but it has been deliberately exploited to replace, rather than supplement, American workers with lower-paid, lower-skilled labor. The large-scale replacement of American workers through systemic abuse of the program has undermined both our economic and national security. Some employers, using practices now widely adopted by entire sectors, have abused the H-1B statute and its regulations to artificially suppress wages, resulting in a disadvantageous labor market for American citizens, while at the same time making it more difficult to attract and retain the highest skilled subset of temporary workers, with the largest impact seen in critical science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields.美國的H-1B非移民簽證項目是為將臨時工作人員帶入美國以履行附加的、高技能工作職能而設立的，但該項目已被故意濫用，被低報酬、低技能的勞動力替代，而不是補充美國僱員。通過對該計畫的系統性濫用，以對美國僱員的大規模替代，已削弱了我們的經濟與國家安全。一些僱主，採用現已被整個行業廣泛採納的做法，濫用H-1B法條及其條例以人為地壓低工資，導致美國公民在勞動力市場中處於不利地位；同時使得吸引和留住臨時外國工作者中最高技能那部分人變得更加困難，這種影響在關鍵的科學、技術、工程和數學（STEM）領域尤為明顯。The number of foreign STEM workers in the United States has more than doubled between 2000 and 2019, increasing from 1.2 million to almost 2.5 million, while overall STEM employment has only increased 44.5 percent during that time. Among computer and math occupations, the foreign share of the workforce grew from 17.7 percent in 2000 to 26.1 percent in 2019. And the key facilitator for this influx of foreign STEM labor has been the abuse of the H-1B visa.在2000年至2019年間，美國外籍STEM從業者人數已從120萬上漲到將近250萬，而整個STEM就業僅在同期增長了4.5%。在電腦及數學職業中，外籍勞工在勞動力中的佔比從2000年的17.7% 增至2019年的26.1%。而促成這一STEM外籍勞工湧入的關鍵因素，就是H-1B簽證的濫用。Information technology (IT) firms in particular have prominently manipulated the H-1B system, significantly harming American workers in computer-related fields. The share of IT workers in the H-1B program grew from 32 percent in Fiscal Year (FY) 2003 to an average of over 65 percent in the last 5 fiscal years. In addition, some of the most prolific H-1B employers are now consistently IT outsourcing companies. Using these H 1B-reliant IT outsourcing companies provides significant savings for employers: one study of tech workers showed a 36 percent discount for H-1B “entry-level” positions as compared to full-time, traditional workers. To take advantage of artificially low labor costs incentivized by the program, companies close their IT divisions, fire their American staff, and outsource IT jobs to lower-paid foreign workers.尤其是資訊技術（IT）公司，在明顯地操縱H-1B系統，對美國電腦相關領域的僱員造成嚴重傷害。H-1B項目中IT僱員的比例從2003財政年度（FY）的32% 增至過去五個財政年度平均值 65%。此外，一些H-1B的最大僱主現在一直是IT外包公司。利用這些依賴H-1B的IT外包公司，為僱主帶來顯著節省：一項對科技工作者的研究顯示，在“入門級”（entry-level）H-1B職位上，與全職、傳統僱員相比，可節省約36%的成本。僱主為了利用該計畫，人為降低勞動力成本，會關閉其IT部門，解僱美國本土員工，把IT工作外包給低薪外國勞動力。Further, the abuse of the H-1B visa program has made it even more challenging for college graduates trying to find IT jobs, allowing employers to hire foreign workers at a significant discount to American workers. These effects of abuse of H-1B visas have coincided with increasing challenges in the labor market in which H-1B workers serve. According to a study from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, among college graduates ages 22 to 27, computer science and computer engineering majors are facing some of the highest unemployment rates in the country at 6.1 percent and 7.5 percent, respectively — more than double the unemployment rates of recent biology and art history graduates. Recent data reveals that unemployment rates among workers in computer occupations jumped from an average of 1.98 percent in 2019 to 3.02 percent in 2025.此外，H-1B簽證計畫的濫用使大學畢業生試圖尋找IT工作變得更加具有挑戰性，這使得僱主能夠以比美國僱員大幅折扣的價格僱用外國僱員。H-1B簽證的濫用效應與H-1B工作者所在勞動力市場所面臨的日益嚴峻的挑戰相吻合。根據紐約聯準會的一項研究，在22至27歲大學畢業生中，電腦科學與電腦工程專業的學生面臨著全國最高的失業率，分別為6.1%和7.5%；——是生物學和藝術史畢業生失業率的兩倍多。最近資料顯示，電腦類職業的失業率從 2019年的平均1.98%上升到2025年的3.02%。Reports also indicate that many American tech companies have laid off their qualified and highly skilled American workers and simultaneously hired thousands of H-1B workers. One software company was approved for over 5,000 H-1B workers in FY 2025; around the same time, it announced a series of layoffs totaling more than 15,000 employees. Another IT firm was approved for nearly 1,700 H-1B workers in FY 2025; it announced it was laying off 2,400 American workers in Oregon in July. A third company has reduced its workforce by approximately 27,000 American workers since 2022, while being approved for over 25,000 H-1B workers since FY 2022. A fourth company reportedly eliminated 1,000 jobs in February; it was approved for over 1,100 H-1B workers for FY 2025.報告還表明，許多美國科技公司在裁員其合格且技能很高的美國僱員的同時，會聘用數千名H-1B工作者。某軟體公司在2025財年被批准僱傭超過5,000名H-1B工作者；大約同期，它宣佈裁員總數超過15,000名員工。另一家IT公司在2025財年被批准近1,700名H-1B工作者；它在七月宣佈解僱了俄勒岡州的2,400名美國僱員。第三家公司自2022年以來已削減約27,000名美國僱員，同時自 2022 財年以來被批准超過25,000名H-1B工作者。第四家公司據報在二月裁掉了1,000個職位；其被批准在 2025 財年僱傭超過1,100名H-1B工作者。American IT workers have reported they were forced to train the foreign workers who were taking their jobs and to sign nondisclosure agreements about this indignity as a condition of receiving any form of severance. This suggests H-1B visas are not being used to fill occupational shortages or obtain highly skilled workers who are unavailable in the United States.美國IT僱員報告顯示，他們被迫培訓那些正在取代他們職位的外國工作者，並且為了獲得任何形式的遣散費，被迫簽署保密協議來接受這種屈辱。這表明H-1B簽證並未被用來填補職業短缺或獲得在美國不具備的高度技能的僱員。The high numbers of relatively low-wage workers in the H-1B program undercut the integrity of the program and are detrimental to American workers’ wages and labor opportunities, especially at the entry level, in industries where such low-paid H-1B workers are concentrated. These abuses also prevent American employers in other industries from utilizing the H-1B program in the manner in which it was intended: to fill jobs for which highly skilled and educated American workers are unavailable.在H-1B項目中低薪工作者數量的增加損害了該項目的完整性，對美國僱員的工資及勞動力機會是有害的，尤其是在入門級、在那些低薪H-1B工作者集中的行業。這些濫用同時也阻止了其他行業的美國僱主以該項目原本意圖之方式使用H-1B項目：填補那些美國高度技能且受過教育的僱員不可獲得的工作崗位。The abuse of the H-1B program is also a national security threat. Domestic law enforcement agencies have identified and investigated H-1B-reliant outsourcing companies for engaging in visa fraud, conspiracy to launder money, conspiracy under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, and other illicit activities to encourage foreign workers to come to the United States.H-1B項目的濫用也是一個國家安全威脅。國內執法機構已識別並調查依賴H-1B的外包公司，涉及簽證欺詐、洗錢共謀、根據《有組織不法集團與腐敗行為法案》（Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, RICO）進行共謀，以及其他非法活動，以鼓勵外國僱員來美國。Further, abuses of the H-1B program present a national security threat by discouraging Americans from pursuing careers in science and technology, risking American leadership in these fields. A 2017 study showed that wages for American computer scientists would have been 2.6 percent to 5.1 percent higher and employment in computer science for American workers would have been 6.1 percent to 10.8 percent higher in 2001 absent the importation of foreign workers into the computer science field.此外，H-1B項目的濫用通過阻止美國人從事科學與技術職業，導致美國在這些領域的領導地位受到威脅。2017 年一項研究表明，如果在2001年沒有將外國僱員匯入電腦科學領域，2001年美國電腦科學家（美國僱員）的工資將會高出2.6%至5.1%，而電腦科學領域美國僱員的就業將會高出6.1%至10.8%。It is therefore necessary to impose higher costs on companies seeking to use the H-1B program in order to address the abuse of that program while still permitting companies to hire the best of the best temporary foreign workers.因此，有必要對尋求使用H-1B項目的公司施加更高成本，以解決該項目的濫用，同時仍允許公司聘用最頂尖的臨時外國工作人員。The severe harms that the large-scale abuse of this program has inflicted on our economic and national security demands an immediate response. I therefore find that the unrestricted entry into the United States of certain foreign workers who are described in section 1 of this proclamation would be detrimental to the interests of the United States because such entry would harm American workers, including by undercutting their wages.這種該項目大規模濫用對我們的經濟和國家安全造成的嚴重損害要求我們立即作出反應。因此，我認為，對某些外國僱員（如本公告第一節所述者）的無限制入境將不利於美國利益，因為這樣的入境將損害美國僱員，包括通過壓低他們的工資。Accordingly, by the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered:據此，根據我作為美國總統所依據的憲法與美國法律賦予的權力，特此宣佈如下命令：Section1. Restriction on Entry.第1條 限制入境(a) Pursuant to sections 212(f) and 215(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), 8 U.S.C. 1182(f) and 1185(a), the entry into the United States of aliens as nonimmigrants to perform services in a specialty occupation under section 101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b), is restricted, except for those aliens whose petitions are accompanied or supplemented by a payment of $100,000 — subject to the exceptions set forth in subsection (c) of this section. This restriction shall expire, absent extension, 12 months after the effective date of this proclamation, which shall be 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on September 21, 2025.(a) 根據《移民及國籍法》（Immigration and Nationality Act, INA）第212(f)與 215(a)條款，8U.S.C.第1182(f)與1185(a)條，限制某些外籍人士作為非移民身份進入美國，從事INA 第101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b) 條所稱的“專門職業”（specialty occupation）服務，除非這些外籍人士的申請書隨附或補充支付100,000 美元 — 本節第 (c) 款中所列的例外情形除外。該限制若不延長，則自本公告生效日起12個月後終止。公告生效時間為2025年9月21日美東夏令時凌晨12:01。(b) The Secretary of Homeland Security shall restrict decisions on petitions not accompanied by a $100,000 payment for H-1B specialty occupation workers under section 101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b) of the INA, who are currently outside the United States, for 12 months following the effective date of this proclamation as set forth in subsection (a) of this section. The Secretary of State shall also issue guidance, as necessary and to the extent permitted by law, to prevent misuse of B visas by alien beneficiaries of approved H-1B petitions that have an employment start date beginning prior to October 1, 2026.(b) 國土安全部長應在本節（a）小節中規定的本公告生效之日起12個月內，限制對根據INA第101（a）（15）（H）（i）（b）條向目前在美國境外的 H-1B 專業職業工人支付100,000美元付款的申請做出決定。國務卿還應在必要時在法律允許的範圍內發佈指導意見，以防止外國受益人濫用已批准的 H-1B 申請的B簽證，這些申請的就業開始日期在2026年10月1日之前。(c) The restriction imposed pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall not apply to any individual alien, all aliens working for a company, or all aliens working in an industry, if the Secretary of Homeland Security determines, in the Secretary’s discretion, that the hiring of such aliens to be employed as H-1B specialty occupation workers is in the national interest and does not pose a threat to the security or welfare of the United States.(c) 若國土安全部長在其判斷中認為，僱傭某些外籍人士作為H-1B專業職業工作者符合國家利益並不對美國的安全或福利構成威脅，則本節第(a)與(b)款的限制 不適用於這些個人、某公司所有外籍僱員或某行業所有外籍僱員。Sec.2. Compliance.第2條 合規(a) Employers shall, prior to filing an H-1B petition on behalf of an alien outside the United States, obtain and retain documentation showing that the payment described in section 1 of this proclamation has been made.(a) 僱主在代表美國境外的外籍人士提交H-1B申請之前，應獲取並保留證明已支付前述款項的檔案。(b) The Secretary of State shall verify receipt of payment of the amount described in section 1 of this proclamation during the H-1B visa petition process and shall approve only those visa petitions for which the filing employer has made the payment described in section 1 of this proclamation.(b) 國務卿在H-1B簽證申請過程中應核實前述款項之收訖情況，並應僅批准那些其請願僱主已支付該款項的簽證請願。(c) The Department of Homeland Security and the Department of State shall coordinate to take all necessary and appropriate action to implement this proclamation and to deny entry to the United States to any H-1B nonimmigrant for whom the prospective employer has not made the payment described in section 1 of this proclamation.(c) 國土安全部與國務院應協調，採取一切必要與適當之行動，執行本公告，並拒絕入境美國給任何其潛在僱主未支付本公告第 1 條所述款項的H-1B非移民。Sec.3. Scope and Implementation of Restriction on Entry.第3條 入境限制之範圍與執行(a) The restriction on entry pursuant to section 1 of this proclamation shall apply only to aliens who enter or attempt to enter the United States after the effective date of this proclamation as set forth in section 1(a) of this proclamation.(a) 根據本公告第1條規定的入境限制，僅適用於在公告生效日期之後進入或試圖進入美國的外籍人士。(b) No later than 30 days following the completion of the H-1B lottery that immediately follows this proclamation, the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, the Secretary of Labor, and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall jointly submit to the President, through the Assistant to the President and Homeland Security Advisor, a recommendation on whether an extension or renewal of the restriction on entry pursuant to section 1 of this proclamation is in the interests of the United States.(b) 在緊隨本公告的H-1B抽籤（lottery）完成之日起不超過30天，國務卿、司法部長、勞工部長與國土安全部長，應通過總統助理和國土安全顧問共同向總統提交一份建議，說明根據本公告第1節延長或延長入境限制是否符合美國的利益。Sec.4. Amending the Prevailing Wage Levels.第4條 修正現行工資標準（Prevailing Wage Levels）(a) The Secretary of Labor shall initiate a rulemaking to revise the prevailing wage levels to levels consistent with the policy goals of this proclamation consistent with section 212(n) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1182(n).(a) 勞工部長應啟動制定規則程序，以修訂現行工資標準，使之與本公告的政策目標相一致，依照 INA 第 212(n) 條，8U.S.C. 第 1182(n) 條。(b) The Secretary of Homeland Security shall initiate a rulemaking to prioritize the admission as nonimmigrants of high-skilled and high-paid aliens, consistent with sections 101, 212, and 214 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1101, 1182, and 1184.(b) 國土安全部應啟動制定規則程序，以優先允許高技能與高薪的外籍人士以非移民身份入境，符合INA第101、212及214條，8U.S.C.第1101、1182與1184條。Sec. 5. General Provisions.第5條 一般條款(a) Nothing in this proclamation shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.(a) 本公告中無事項應被解讀為削弱或以其他方式影響：(i) 法律所授予行政部門或機構或其負責人之權限；或(ii) 管理與預算辦公室署長（Director of the Office of Management and Budget）與預算、行政或立法建議相關之職能。(b) This proclamation shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.(b) 本公告應在適用法律一致，並受撥款可用性之限制下執行。(c) This proclamation is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.(c) 本公告無意也不建立任何實體或程序上可由任何方對美國、其部門、機構或實體，其官員、僱員或代理人，或任何其他人依法或衡平法上可強制執行之權利或利益，不論實體的或程序的。IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand thisnineteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord two thousand twenty-five, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fiftieth.鑑證：我已於本公元2025年9月19日，正值美國獨立250年之年，手署此文。DONALD J. TRUMP唐納德·J·川普 (關鍵概念)
