“反過來想,總是反過來想”——查理·芒格推崇的逆向思維AI時代,淺閱讀甚至淺思考開始成為一種時代症候。當短影片、圖片閱讀更多刺激人們的多巴胺分泌,有深度和難度的素材越來越難以出現公眾的視域和平台上,而Agent生成內容的便利則進一步讓人放棄了深度思考。這也是流量導向的經驗,個人詠歎和思考既不關乎社會議題,又顯得侷促和造作。而恰是那些簡單好讀不燒腦的金句式文章,霸佔了絕大多數閱讀量。因而,當我們被格言體所說服和獲得啟發時,更需要常保持一顆批判和理性的心。拋開以上提醒,本文從《窮查理寶典》、《芒格之道》及其他演講中,摘取了66條美國著名投資人、巴菲特的黃金搭檔——查理·芒格的個人思考:從思維與方法、認知與學習、工作與機遇三個方面領略這位智者的人生智慧。01 思維與方法1.“It’s remarkable how much long-term advantage people like us have gotten by trying to be consistently not stupid.”真令人驚訝,我們通過持續避免愚蠢,贏得了多少長期優勢。2.“Knowing what you don’t know is more useful than being brilliant.”知道自己不知道什麼,比聰明更有用。3.“Spend each day trying to be a little wiser than you were when you woke up.”每過完一天,要努力比早上醒來時更聰明一點點。4.“Being rational is a moral imperative. You should never be stupider than you need to be.”保持理性是一種道德責任。——你永遠不該愚蠢到無法接受。5.“People calculate too much and think too little.”人們計算得太多,卻思考得太少。6.“It is remarkable how much long‑term advantage people like us have gotten…”我們這類人在長期中獲益,因從不追求短視聰明。7.“Remember that reputation and integrity are your most valuable assets — and can be lost in a heartbeat.”記住,聲譽和正直是你最寶貴的資產,但它們的失去只需一秒。8.“If you want to understand science, you have to understand math. The good thing about business is that you don’t have to know any higher math.”如果你想理解科學,你必須理解數學。商業的好處是你不必知道任何高等數學。9.“Recognize reality even when you don’t like it. Especially when you don’t like it.”即使你不喜歡現實,也要認識到它。尤其是當你不喜歡它的時候。10.“You don’t have to be brilliant, only a little bit wiser than the other guys, on average, for a long, long, time.”你不必很聰明,平均而言,你只需要比其他人聰明一點,並儘可能保持更長的時間。11.“There’s no way that you can live an adequate life without making many mistakes.”你不可能在不犯很多錯誤的情況下過上滿足的生活。12.“The best armor of old age is a well‑spent life preceding it.”健康老年最好的盔甲,就是有意義地度過完整的一生。13.“Opportunity comes to the prepared mind.”機會總是降臨於那些準備好的心智。14.“It’s a good habit to trumpet your failures and be quiet about your successes.”大肆宣揚你的失敗,對你的成功保持沉默是一個好習慣。15.“All I want to know is where I’m going to die, so I’ll never go there.”我只想知道我會在那死去,好讓我永遠避開那兒。16.“The key to success is playing the game where you have the edge.”成功的關鍵,是只在你有優勢的領域出手。17.“What matters most: Don’t fool yourself — and remember you are the easiest person to fool.”最重要的是:不要騙自己——你是最容易被自己騙的人。18.“Opportunities come infrequently. When it rains gold, put out the bucket, not the thimble.”機會不會經常來。當黃金落雨時,拿出桶來接,而不是頂針。19.“You don’t need many big decisions to do well.”成功不需要無數個正確決策,只需少數幾個關鍵時刻把握住。20.“Take a simple idea and take it seriously.”凡事往簡單處想,往認真處執行。21.“A majority of life’s errors are caused by forgetting what one is really trying to do.”生活中的多數錯誤,源自忘了自己真正想做什麼。22.“The best thing a human being can do is to help another human being know more.”人能做的最好的事,就是幫助他人變得更有知識。23.“Just because you like it doesn’t mean the world will.”你喜歡的東西,不一定世界也喜歡。24.“An average outcome always leads to a mediocre result.As I said that the iron rule of life is that only 20% of people achieve 80% of results.”平均的結果必定是中等的結果。正如我常常說的,生活的鐵律就是:20%的人能夠取得比其他80%的人優秀的成績。25.“Mimicking the herd invites regression to the mean.”隨大流只會讓你往平均值靠近(只能獲得中等業績)。02 認知與學習26.“You don’t have to know everything. A few really big ideas carry most of the freight.”你們不需要瞭解所有的知識,只要吸取各個學科最傑出的思想就行了,那不難做到。27.“I constantly see people rise in life who are not the smartest—sometimes not even the most diligent—but they are learning machines.”我常看到不是最聰明也不是最勤奮的人脫穎而出,因為他們是學習機器。28.“Common sense is not common.”常識並不常見。29.“The models have to come from multiple disciplines—because all the wisdom of the world is not to be found in one little academic department.”思維模型必須跨學科,因為智慧不只存在於某個專業裡。30.“The game of life is the game of everlasting learning. At least it is if you want to win.”人生的遊戲是永恆學習的遊戲。至少如果你想贏的話是這樣。31.“The habit of committing far more time to learning and thinking than to doing is no accident.”把遠比行動更多的時間投入到學習和思考,是刻意為之的習慣,不是偶然。32.“In my whole life, I have known no wise people… who didn’t read all the time.”我這輩子遇到的聰明人(來自各行各業的聰明人)沒有一個不是每天讀書的——沒有,一個都沒有。33.“Spend less time on things that are popular and more time on things that are timeless.”少花時間追逐流行的事物,多花時間鑽研那些經得起時間考驗的東西。34.“You’re not going to get very far in life based on what you already know. You’re going to advance in life by what you’re going to learn after you leave here.”你未來走多遠,並不取決於你現在知道多少,而取決於你離開學校之後還學到了多少。35.“Avoid being the man with only a hammer. Learn to use the whole toolbox.”別做“手裡只有一把錘子”的人,要學會使用整套工具箱。36.“You have to be willing to destroy your favorite ideas.”你必須願意推翻自己最鍾愛的想法。37.“To be ignorant of what occurred before you were born is to remain always a child.”如果一個人不知道他出生之前發生過什麼事情,在生活中就會像一個無知的孩童。(轉引自西塞羅)38.“Learning from other people’s mistakes is much more efficient than making them all yourself.”從別人的錯誤中學習,遠比事事親身試錯要高效得多。39.“You need to absorb ideas through reading and observation. But you also need quiet time to think.”你需要通過閱讀和觀察來吸收觀點,但你同樣需要安靜的時間來思考。40.“Avoid intense ideology. Always keep some room for doubt.”遠離極端的意識形態,但要始終留一點懷疑空間。41.“Routine, discipline, and curiosity — that’s my learning engine.”習慣、自律與好奇心——這是我學習的發動機。03 投資與機遇42.“A business model that relies on trickery is doomed to fail.”依賴欺騙的商業模式註定要失敗。43.“We have three baskets for investing: yes, no, and too tough to understand.”我們的投資有三個籃筐:要投的、不投的和難以理解的。44.“A great marriage is not when a perfect couple comes together. It is when an imperfect couple learns to enjoy their differences.”美滿的婚姻不是兩個完美的人結合,而是兩個不完美的人學會欣賞彼此的不同。45.“The best way to get a good spouse is to deserve a good spouse.”要找到優秀的伴侶,只有一個辦法,就是讓自己得配得上。46.“Similarly,To get what you want, you have to deserve what you want. The world is not yet a crazy enough place to reward a whole bunch of undeserving people.”同理,你若想得到理想之物,就必須配得上它。這個世界還沒瘋狂到會獎勵一群不配擁有的人。47.“The happiest people I know are not those who have achieved the most, but those who have loving relationships.”我認識最幸福的人,並非最有成就者,而是擁有溫暖親密關係的人。48.“You can't really succeed in life if you make a lot of dumb choices about who to trust, who to spend your time with, and who to marry.”如果你在“信誰、跟誰共處、跟誰結婚”這些問題上頻頻犯蠢,人生很難成功。49.“Most people are trained in one model — economics, for example — and try to solve all problems in one way.”多數人只掌握一個模型,比如經濟學,然後試圖用它解決所有問題。50.“The big money is not in the buying or the selling, but in the waiting.”你真正的財富,不在買賣之中,而是源自等待。51.“A great business at a fair price is superior to a fair business at a great price.”以合理價格買進一家優秀的企業,勝過以便宜價格買入一家平庸公司。52.“If you don’t allow for self-serving bias in the conduct of others, you’re a fool.”如果你在商業判斷中不考慮他人的自利傾向,那你就是個傻瓜。53.“Never, ever think about something else when you should be thinking about the power of incentives.”當你應該思考激勵機制的時候,千萬別去想別的。54.“Choose clients as you would choose friends.”選擇客戶時,就像選擇朋友那樣謹慎。55.“Three rules for a career: Don’t sell anything you wouldn’t buy yourself. Don’t work for anyone you don’t respect and admire. Work only with people you enjoy.”職業三原則:不賣你自己不想買的,不為你不尊敬的人工作,只與你喜歡的人共事。56.“Investing is where you find a few great companies and then sit on your ass.”投資就是發現幾家好公司,然後靜待其成長。57.“There’s only three ways a smart person can go broke: liquor, ladies, and leverage.”聰明人破產只有三種方式:酒、女人和槓桿。58.“A lot of success in life and business comes from knowing what you want to avoid.”人生和商業中的很多成功,其實都來自你知道自己要避開什麼。59.“It’s not supposed to be easy. If it were easy, everyone would do it.”它本來就不該容易。如果容易,每個人都會這麼做。——演講中談到經營與投資時60.“I try to get rid of people who always confidently answer questions about which they don’t have any real knowledge.”我會儘量遠離那些對自己不瞭解的問題卻總是自信作答的人。61.“Spend less than you earn. Invest wisely. Avoid toxic people and toxic activities.”花得比你賺得少,聰明地投資,遠離有毒的人和事情。62.“It’s waiting that helps you as an investor, and a lot of people just can’t stand to wait.”作為投資者,耐心是你最大的優勢。但很多人就是做不到等待。63.“Anytime anybody offers you anything with a big commission and a 200-page prospectus, don’t buy it.”任何時候,只要有人向你提供任何有大筆佣金和超過200 頁說明書的投資產品,都不要買它。64.“The way to win is to work, work, work, work and hope to have a few insights.成為贏家的方法是工作,工作,工作,再工作,並期待能夠看準幾次機會。65.“Be patient. Big things take time.”保持耐心,偉大的事情需要時間。66.“The first rule of fishing is to fish where the fish are. The second rule of fishing is to never forget the first rule.”釣魚的第一條規則是,在有魚的地方釣魚。釣魚的第二條規則是,記住第一條規則。 (格上財富)